Bakerian Lecture

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Die Bakerian Lecture ist ein Preis und eine damit verbundene Vorlesung der Royal Society in Physik, Chemie, Astronomie, Geowissenschaften oder Mathematik (Physical Sciences). Sie ist mit 1000 Pfund dotiert und mit einer Medaille verbunden.

Die Vorlesung und der Preis wurde 1775 von Henry Baker gestiftet. Er spendete 100 Pfund für eine Vorlesung eines ihrer Mitglieder über einen von der Royal Society vorgeschlagenen Bereich der Naturgeschichte oder experimentellen Wissenschaft.[1]

Heute wird der Preisträger vom Rat der Royal Society gewählt. Er muss aus dem Commonwealth oder Irland kommen oder dort mindestens drei Jahre gearbeitet haben. Die Preisträger können erst nach fünf Jahren wieder nominiert werden.

Die Vorlesung wird in den Proceedings der Royal Society (oder deren Philosophical Transactions) veröffentlicht.

Jeweils mit dem Titel der Vorlesung

18. Jahrhundert

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  • 1775 Peter Woulfe, Experiments made in order to ascertain the nature of some Mineral Substances, and in particular to see how far the Acids of Sea-Salt and of Vitriol contribute to Mineralize Metallic and other Substances.
  • 1776 Peter Woulfe
  • 1777 Peter Woulfe
  • 1778 Jan Ingenhousz, Electrical Experiments to explain how far the Phenomena of the Electrophorus may be accounted for by Dr Franklins Theory of Positive and Negative Electricity.
  • 1779 Jan Ingenhousz, Improvements in Electricity.
  • 1780 Tiberius Cavallo, Thermometrical Experiments and Observations.
  • 1781 Tiberius Cavallo, An Account of some Thermometrical Experiments.
  • 1782 Tiberius Cavallo, An Account of some Experiments relating to the Property of Common and Inflammable Airs of pervading the Pores of Paper.
  • 1783 Tiberius Cavallo, Description of an improved Air Pump.
  • 1784 Tiberius Cavallo, An Account of some Experiments made with the new improved Air Pump.
  • 1785 Tiberius Cavallo, Magnetical Experiments and Observations.
  • 1786 Tiberius Cavallo, Magnetical Experiments and Observations.
  • 1787 Tiberius Cavallo, Of the Methods of manifesting the Presence, and ascertaining the Quality, of small Quantities of Natural or Artificial Electricity.
  • 1788 Tiberius Cavallo, On an Improvement in the Blow Pipe.
  • 1789 Tiberius Cavallo, Magnetical Experiments and Observations.
  • 1790 Tiberius Cavallo, A Description of a new Pyrometer.
  • 1791 Tiberius Cavallo, On the Method of Measuring Distances by means of Telescopes furnished with Micrometers.
  • 1792 Tiberius Cavallo, An Account of the Discoveries concerning Muscular Motion, which have been lately made, and are commonly known by the name of Animal Electricity.
  • 1793 George Fordyce, An Account of a New Pendulum.
  • 1794 Samuel Vince, Observations on the Theory of the Motion and Resistance of Fluids; with a Description of the Construction of Experiments, in order to obtain some fundamental Principles.
  • 1795 Samuel Vince
  • 1796 Samuel Vince
  • 1797 Samuel Vince, Experiments upon the Resistance of Bodies moving in Fluids.
  • 1798 Samuel Vince, Observations upon an unusual Horizontal Refraction of the Air; with Remarks on the Variations to which the lower Parts of the Atmosphere are sometimes subject.
  • 1799 Samuel Vince
  • 1800 Thomas Young, On the Mechanism of the Eye.

19. Jahrhundert

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  • 1801 Thomas Young, On the Theory of Light and Colours.
  • 1802 William Hyde Wollaston, Observations on the Quantity of Horizontal Refraction; with Method of measuring the Dip at Sea.
  • 1803 Thomas Young, Experiments and Calculations relative to Physical Optics.
  • 1804 Samuel Vince, Observations on the Hypotheses which have been assumed to account for the cause of Gravitation from Mechanical Principles.
  • 1805 William Hyde Wollaston, On the Force of Percussion.
  • 1806 Humphry Davy, On some Chemical Agencies of Electricity.
  • 1807 Humphry Davy, On some new Phenomena of Chemical Changes produced by Electricity, particularly the Decomposition of the fixed Alkalies, and the Exhibition of the new Substances, which constitute their Bases.
  • 1808 Humphry Davy, An Account of some new Analytical Researches on the Nature of certain Bodies, particularly the Alkalies, Phosphorus, Sulphur, Carbonaceous Matters, and the Acids hitherto undecompounded; with some general Observations on Chemical Theory.
  • 1809 Humphry Davy, On some new Electro-Chemical Researches, on various objects, particularly the Metallic Bodies from the Alkalies and Earths; and on some Combinations of Hydrogen.
  • 1810 Humphry Davy, On some of the Combinations of Oxymuriatic Gas and Oxygen, and on the Chemical Relations of these Principles to Inflammable Bodies.
  • 1811 Humphry Davy
  • 1812 William Hyde Wollaston, On the Elementary Particles of certain Crystals.
  • 1813 William Thomas Brande, On some new Electro-Chemical Phenomena.
  • 1814 bis 1818 nicht gehalten
  • 1819 William Thomas Brande, On the Composition and Analysis of the inflammable Gaseous Compounds resulting from the destructive Distillation of Coal and Oil; with some Remarks on their relative heating and illuminating power.
  • 1820 Henry Kater, On the best kind of Steel, and form, for a Compass Needle.
  • 1821 Edward Sabine, An Account of Experiments to determine the Amount of the Dip of the Magnetic Needle in London, in August 1821; with Remarks on the Instruments which are usually employed in such determination.
  • 1822 nicht gehalten
  • 1823 John Herschel, On certain Motions produced in Fluid Conductors when transmitting the Electric Current.
  • 1824 nicht gehalten
  • 1825 nicht gehalten
  • 1826 Humphry Davy, On the Relations of Electrical and Chemical Changes.
  • 1827 George Pearson, Researches to discover the Faculties of Pulmonary Absorption with respect to Charcoal.
  • 1828 William Hyde Wollaston, On a Method of rendering Platina malleable.
  • 1829 Michael Faraday, On the manufacture of Glass for Optical Purposes.
  • 1830 nicht gehalten
  • 1831 nicht gehalten
  • 1832 Michael Faraday, Experimental Researches in Electricity; Second Series.
  • 1833 Samuel Hunter Christie, Experimental Determination of the Laws of Magneto-Electric Induction in different masses of the same metal, and its intensity in different metals.
  • 1834 nicht gehalten
  • 1835 Charles Lyell, On the Proofs of a gradual Rising of the Land in certain parts of Sweden.
  • 1836 John William Lubbock, On the Tides of the Port of London.
  • 1837 William Henry Fox Talbot, Further Observations on the Optical Phenomena of Crystals.
  • 1838 James Ivory, On the Theory of the Astronomical Refractions.
  • 1839 William Snow Harris, Inquiries concerning the Elementary Laws of Electricity.
  • 1840 George Biddell Airy, On the Theoretical Explanation of an apparent new Polarity of Light.
  • 1841 George Newport, On the Organs of Reproduction and the Development of the Myriapoda.
  • 1842 James David Forbes, On the Transparency of the Atmosphere and the Law of Extinction of the Solar Rays in passing through it.
  • 1843 Charles Wheatstone, An Account of several new Instruments and Processes for determining the Constants of a Voltaic Circuit.
  • 1844 Richard Owen, A Description of certain Belemnites, preserved, with a great proportion of their soft parts, in the Oxford Clay, at Christian-Malford, Wilts.
  • 1845 Charles Daubeny, Memoir on the Rotation of Crops, and on the Quantity of Inorganic Matters abstracted from the Soil by various Plants under different circumstances.
  • 1846 James David Forbes, Illustrations of the Viscous Theory of Glacier Motion.
  • 1847 William Grove, On certain Phenomena of Voltaic Ignition and the Decomposition of Water into its constituent Gases by Heat.
  • 1848 William Whewell, Researches on the Tides. Thirteenth Series. On the Tides of the Pacific, and on the Diurnal Inequality.
  • 1849 Michael Faraday, Experimental Researches in Electricity. Twenty-Second Series.
  • 1850 Thomas Graham, On the Diffusion of Liquids.
  • 1851 Michael Faraday, Experimental Researches in Electricity. Twenty-Fourth Series.
  • 1852 Charles Wheatstone, Contributions to the Physiology of Vision. Part II. On some remarkable and hitherto unobserved Phenomena on Binocular Vision (continued).
  • 1853 Edward Sabine, On the Influence of the Moon on the Magnetic Declination at Toronto, St Helena, and Hobarton.
  • 1854 Thomas Graham, On Osmotic Force.
  • 1855 John Tyndall, On the Nature of the Force by which Bodies are repelled from the Poles of a Magnet; to which is prefixed an account of some experiments on Molecular Influences.
  • 1856 William Thomson, On the Electro-dynamic Qualities of Metals.[2]
  • 1857 Michael Faraday, Experimental Relations of Gold (and other metals) to Light.
  • 1858 John Peter Gassiot, On the Stratifications and dark band in Electrical Discharges as observed in Torricellian Vacua.
  • 1859 Edward Frankland, Researches on Organo-metallic Bodies. Fourth Memoir.
  • 1860 William Fairbairn, Experimental Researches to determine the Law of Superheated Steam.
  • 1861 John Tyndall, On the Absorption and Radiation of Heat by Gases and Vapours, and on the Physical Connexion of radiation, Absorption and Conduction.
  • 1862 Warren De La Rue, On the Total Solar Eclipse of 18 July 1860, observed at Rivabellosa, near Miranda de Ebro in Spain.
  • 1863 Henry Clifton Sorby, On the Direct Correlation of Mechanical and Chemical Forces.
  • 1864 John Tyndall, Contributions to Molecular Physics: being the Fifth Memoir of Researches on Radiant Heat.
  • 1865 Henry Enfield Roscoe, On a Method of Meteorological Registration of the Chemical Action of Total Daylight.
  • 1866 James Clerk Maxwell, On the Viscosity or Internal Friction of Air and other Gases.
  • 1867 Frederick Augustus Abel, Researches on Gun-Cotton. (Second Memoir). On the Stability of Gun-Cotton.
  • 1868 Henry Enfield Roscoe, Researches on Vanadium.
  • 1869 Thomas Andrews, The Continuity of the Gaseous and Liquid States of Matter.
  • 1870 John William Dawson, On the Pre-Carboniferous Flora of North-Eastern America, and more especially on that of the Erian (Devonian) Period.
  • 1871 Carl Wilhelm Siemens, On the Increase of Electrical Resistance in Conductors with Rise of Temperature, and its Application to the Measure of Ordinary and Furnace Temperatures.
  • 1872 William Kitchen Parker, On the Structure and Development of the Skull of the Salmon.
  • 1873 Earl of Rosse, On the Radiation of Heat from the Moon, the Law of its Absorption by our Atmosphere, and its variation in Amount with her Phases.
  • 1874 Joseph Norman Lockyer, Researches in Spectrum Analysis in connexion with the Spectrum of the Sun. Part III.
  • 1875 William Grylls Adams, On the Forms of Equipotential Curves and Surfaces and on Lines of Flow.
  • 1876 Thomas Andrews, On the Gaseous State of Matter.
  • 1877 William Crawford Williamson, On the Organization of the Fossil Plants of the Coal Measures.
  • 1878 William Crookes, On Repulsion resulting from Radiation. Part V.
  • 1879 William Crookes, On the Illumination of Lines of Molecular Pressure and the Trajectory of Molecules.
  • 1880 William de Wiveleslie Abney, On the Photographic Method of Mapping the least refrangible end of the Solar Spectrum.
  • 1881 John Tyndall, Action of free Molecules on Radiant Heat, and its conversion thereby into sound.
  • 1882 Heinrich Debus, On the Chemical Theory of Gunpowder.
  • 1883 William Crookes, On Radiant Matter Spectroscopy: the Detection and wide Distribution of Yttrium.
  • 1884 Arthur Schuster, Experiments on the Discharge of Electricity through gases. Sketch of a Theory.
  • 1885 William Huggins, On the Corona of the Sun.
  • 1886 William de Wiveleslie Abney und Edward Robert Festing, Colour Photometry.
  • 1887 Joseph John Thomson, On the Dissociation of some Gases by the Electric Discharge.
  • 1888 Joseph Norman Lockyer, Suggestions on the Classification of the various Species of Heavenly Bodies. A Report to the Solar Physics Committee.
  • 1889 Arthur William Rucker und Thomas Edward Thorpe, A magnetic Survey of the British isles for the Epoch January 1, 1886.
  • 1890 Arthur Schuster, The Discharge of Electricity through Gases. Preliminary Communication.
  • 1891 George Howard Darwin, On Tidal Prediction.
  • 1892 Joseph John Thomson, On the Grand Currents of Atmospheric Circulation.
  • 1893 Harold Dixon, The rate of Explosion in Gases.
  • 1894 Thomas Edward Thorpe und James Wyllie Rodger, On the Relations between the Viscosity of Liquids and their Chemical Nature
  • 1895 Augustus George Vernon Harcourt und William Esson, On the Laws of Connexion between the Conditions of a Chemical Change and its Amount. III. Further Researches on the Reaction of Hydrogen Dioxide and Hydrogen Iodide.
  • 1896 William Chandler Roberts-Austen, On the Diffusion of Metals.
  • 1897 Osborne Reynolds und William Henry Moorby, On the Mechanical Equivalent of Heat.
  • 1898 William James Russell, Further Experiments on the Action exerted by certain Metals and other Bodies on a Photographic Plate.
  • 1899 James Alfred Ewing und Walter Rosenhain, The Crystalline Structure of Metals.
  • 1900 William A. Tilden, On the Specific Heat of Metals and the Relation of Specific Heat to Atomic Weight.

20. Jahrhundert

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21. Jahrhundert

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  • 2001 David Sherrington, Magnets, microchips, memories and markets: statistical physics of complex systems.
  • 2002 Arnold Wolfendale, Cosmic rays: what are they and where do they come from?
  • 2003 Christopher M. Dobson, Protein folding and misfolding: from theory to therapy
  • 2004 Michael Pepper, Semiconductor nanostructures and new quantum effects
  • 2005 John Pendry, Negative refraction, the perfect lens and metamaterials
  • 2006 Athene Donald, The mesoscopic world - from plastic bags to brain disease - structural similarities in physics
  • 2007 Joseph Silk, The dark side of the Universe
  • 2008 Robin Clark, Raman microscopy, pigments and the arts/science interface
  • 2009 James D. Murray, Mathematics in the real world: From brain tumours to saving marriages.
  • 2010 Donal Bradley, Plastic electronics: their science and applications
  • 2011 Herbert E. Huppert, Carbon storage: caught between a rock and climate change
  • 2012 Peter Edwards, Metals and the conducting and superconducting states of matter
  • 2013 David A. Leigh, Making the tiniest machines
  • 2014 Lynn Gladden, It’s magnetic resonance – but not as you know it
  • 2015 John Ellis, The long road to the Higgs boson – and beyond
  • 2016 Andrea Ghez, The Monster at the heart of our galaxy
  • 2017 Andy Hopper, Computing for the future of the planet
  • 2018 Susan Solomon, Meeting the scientific and policy challenges of the Antarctic ozone hole: a global success story
  • 2019 Edward Hinds, The quantum revolution in science and technology
  • 2020 James Hough, Ripples from the dark side of the universe
  • 2021 Victoria Kaspi, Fast radio bursts
  • 2022 Michelle Yvonne Simmons, Quantum processors: making machines at the atomic-limit
  • 2023 Andrew Zisserman, Computer vision: learning to see the world
  • 2024 Michele Dougherty, Cassini magnetic field instrument at Saturn, seminal research findings on potential life support on Enceladus and leadership of forthcoming missions to probe Jupiter’s icy moons.
  • 2025 Ingrid Daubechies, Work on wavelets and image compression and her exceptional contributions to a wide spectrum of physical, technological, and mathematical applications.

Einzelnachweise

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  1. on such part of natural history or experimental philosophy, at such time and in such manner as the President and Council of the Society for the time being shall please to order and appoint
  2. On the Electro-dynamic Qualities of Metals. JSTOR:41206195; Textarchiv – Internet Archive.